{ "lastReviewed": "2026-05-31", "disclaimer": "General educational information only. State-law summaries are not legal advice and should be confirmed with a qualified reproductive law attorney.", "states": [ { "stateCode": "AK", "stateName": "Alaska", "status": "friendly", "summary": "Gestational Surrogacy is permitted in Alaska because no statute or published case law prohibits it....", "legalStatus": "No specific surrogacy legislation", "preBirthOrders": "varies", "compensatedSurrogacy": "varies", "residencyRequirement": false, "lastUpdated": "2025-10-08T00:00:00.000Z", "review": { "reviewedBy": "Patriot Conceptions Legal Review Team", "reviewedByTitle": "Legal content review team", "reviewedByUrl": "/about/review-team/", "reviewerAttribution": "organization" }, "governance": { "reviewerAttributionStatus": "organization", "reviewerLabel": "Organization-level review recorded; named legal reviewer pending", "sourceCitationStatus": "source-metadata-present", "sourceLabel": "Primary reference reviewed", "hasPrimarySourceUrl": true, "primarySourceUrl": "https://www.akleg.gov/basis/statutes.asp#25.20", "sourceAccessedAt": "2026-05-31", "sourceType": "legislation", "signedAt": null, "effectiveAt": null, "hasLegalDateMetadata": false }, "sources": [ { "label": "Alaska Legislature: Alaska Statutes Title 25 family law index", "url": "https://www.akleg.gov/basis/statutes.asp#25.20" } ], "page": "https://patriotconceptions.com/surrogacy/laws-and-policies/ak/" }, { "stateCode": "AL", "stateName": "Alabama", "status": "friendly", "summary": "Gestational Surrogacy is permitted in Alabama because no statute or published case law prohibits it....", "legalStatus": "No specific surrogacy legislation", "preBirthOrders": true, "compensatedSurrogacy": "varies", "residencyRequirement": false, "lastUpdated": "2025-10-08T00:00:00.000Z", "review": { "reviewedBy": "Patriot Conceptions Legal Review Team", "reviewedByTitle": "Legal content review team", "reviewedByUrl": "/about/review-team/", "reviewerAttribution": "organization" }, "governance": { "reviewerAttributionStatus": "organization", "reviewerLabel": "Organization-level review recorded; named legal reviewer pending", "sourceCitationStatus": "source-metadata-present", "sourceLabel": "Primary reference reviewed", "hasPrimarySourceUrl": true, "primarySourceUrl": "https://alison.legislature.state.al.us/code-of-alabama?section=26-17-702", "sourceAccessedAt": "2026-05-31", "sourceType": "legislation", "signedAt": null, "effectiveAt": null, "hasLegalDateMetadata": false }, "sources": [ { "label": "Code of Alabama Section 26-17-702: parental status of donor", "url": "https://alison.legislature.state.al.us/code-of-alabama?section=26-17-702" } ], "page": "https://patriotconceptions.com/surrogacy/laws-and-policies/al/" }, { "stateCode": "AR", "stateName": "Arkansas", "status": "moderate", "summary": "Surrogacy is permitted in Arkansas by case law interpretation of Arkansas Code § 9-10-201 which refers to Artificial Insemination. Since 2017, Arkansas Vital Statistics names both parents on the birth...", "legalStatus": "No specific surrogacy legislation", "preBirthOrders": true, "compensatedSurrogacy": "varies", "residencyRequirement": false, "lastUpdated": "2025-10-08T00:00:00.000Z", "review": { "reviewedBy": "Patriot Conceptions Legal Review Team", "reviewedByTitle": "Legal content review team", "reviewedByUrl": "/about/review-team/", "reviewerAttribution": "organization" }, "governance": { "reviewerAttributionStatus": "organization", "reviewerLabel": "Organization-level review recorded; named legal reviewer pending", "sourceCitationStatus": "source-metadata-present", "sourceLabel": "Primary reference reviewed", "hasPrimarySourceUrl": true, "primarySourceUrl": "https://www.arkleg.state.ar.us/Home/FTPDocument?path=%2FBills%2F1989%2FPublic%2FHB1339.pdf", "sourceAccessedAt": "2026-05-31", "sourceType": "legislation", "signedAt": null, "effectiveAt": null, "hasLegalDateMetadata": false }, "sources": [ { "label": "Arkansas General Assembly: HB1339 / Arkansas Code 9-10-201 surrogate-mother language", "url": "https://www.arkleg.state.ar.us/Home/FTPDocument?path=%2FBills%2F1989%2FPublic%2FHB1339.pdf" } ], "page": "https://patriotconceptions.com/surrogacy/laws-and-policies/ar/" }, { "stateCode": "AZ", "stateName": "Arizona", "status": "moderate", "summary": "Arizona surrogacy contracts are prohibited by statute. Arizona Revised Statute § 25-218 states that no person may enter into or assist in creating a surrogacy contract....", "legalStatus": "Surrogacy contracts are prohibited or unenforceable", "preBirthOrders": "varies", "compensatedSurrogacy": "varies", "residencyRequirement": false, "lastUpdated": "2025-10-08T00:00:00.000Z", "review": { "reviewedBy": "Patriot Conceptions Legal Review Team", "reviewedByTitle": "Legal content review team", "reviewedByUrl": "/about/review-team/", "reviewerAttribution": "organization" }, "governance": { "reviewerAttributionStatus": "organization", "reviewerLabel": "Organization-level review recorded; named legal reviewer pending", "sourceCitationStatus": "source-metadata-present", "sourceLabel": "Primary reference reviewed", "hasPrimarySourceUrl": true, "primarySourceUrl": "https://www.azleg.gov/ars/25/00218.htm", "sourceAccessedAt": "2026-05-31", "sourceType": "legislation", "signedAt": null, "effectiveAt": null, "hasLegalDateMetadata": false }, "sources": [ { "label": "Arizona Revised Statutes Section 25-218: surrogate parentage contracts", "url": "https://www.azleg.gov/ars/25/00218.htm" } ], "page": "https://patriotconceptions.com/surrogacy/laws-and-policies/az/" }, { "stateCode": "CA", "stateName": "California", "status": "friendly", "summary": "Gestational Surrogacy is permitted by statute, California Family Law Sections 7960 – 7962 (2013), with additional long-standing supporting case law: Johnson v. Calvert (1993), and Buzzanca v. Buzzanca...", "legalStatus": "Gestational surrogacy permitted by statute (CA Family Code 7960-7962)", "preBirthOrders": true, "compensatedSurrogacy": true, "residencyRequirement": false, "lastUpdated": "2025-10-08T00:00:00.000Z", "review": { "reviewedBy": "Patriot Conceptions Legal Review Team", "reviewedByTitle": "Legal content review team", "reviewedByUrl": "/about/review-team/", "reviewerAttribution": "organization" }, "governance": { "reviewerAttributionStatus": "organization", "reviewerLabel": "Organization-level review recorded; named legal reviewer pending", "sourceCitationStatus": "source-metadata-present", "sourceLabel": "Primary reference reviewed", "hasPrimarySourceUrl": true, "primarySourceUrl": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?lawCode=FAM§ionNum=7960", "sourceAccessedAt": "2026-05-31", "sourceType": "legislation", "signedAt": "2012-09-23", "effectiveAt": "2013-01-01", "hasLegalDateMetadata": true }, "sources": [ { "label": "California Legislative Information: Family Code Section 7960", "url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?lawCode=FAM§ionNum=7960" }, { "label": "California Legislative Information: Family Code Section 7962", "url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?lawCode=FAM§ionNum=7962" } ], "page": "https://patriotconceptions.com/surrogacy/laws-and-policies/ca/" }, { "stateCode": "CO", "stateName": "Colorado", "status": "friendly", "summary": "Gestational Surrogacy is permitted in Colorado under the Colorado Surrogacy Agreement Act (C.R.S. 19-4.5-101 et seq), effective May 6, 2021....", "legalStatus": "Gestational surrogacy permitted under the Colorado Surrogacy Agreement Act (C.R.S. 19-4.5-101 et seq.).", "preBirthOrders": "varies", "compensatedSurrogacy": "varies", "residencyRequirement": false, "lastUpdated": "2025-10-08T00:00:00.000Z", "review": { "reviewedBy": "Patriot Conceptions Legal Review Team", "reviewedByTitle": "Legal content review team", "reviewedByUrl": "/about/review-team/", "reviewerAttribution": "organization" }, "governance": { "reviewerAttributionStatus": "organization", "reviewerLabel": "Organization-level review recorded; named legal reviewer pending", "sourceCitationStatus": "source-metadata-present", "sourceLabel": "Primary reference reviewed", "hasPrimarySourceUrl": true, "primarySourceUrl": "https://leg.colorado.gov/bills/sb21-125", "sourceAccessedAt": "2026-05-31", "sourceType": "legislation", "signedAt": null, "effectiveAt": "2021-05-06", "hasLegalDateMetadata": true }, "sources": [ { "label": "Colorado General Assembly: SB21-125 Surrogacy Agreements", "url": "https://leg.colorado.gov/bills/sb21-125" } ], "page": "https://patriotconceptions.com/surrogacy/laws-and-policies/co/" }, { "stateCode": "CT", "stateName": "Connecticut", "status": "friendly", "summary": "The Connecticut Parentage Act (CPA) permits Gestational Surrogacy, recognizing the Intended Parent(s) as the resulting child’s exclusive parents (CPA, Public Act 21-15). The CPA codifies the Departmen...", "legalStatus": "Has a statute.", "preBirthOrders": true, "compensatedSurrogacy": true, "residencyRequirement": true, "lastUpdated": "2025-10-08T00:00:00.000Z", "review": { "reviewedBy": "Patriot Conceptions Legal Review Team", "reviewedByTitle": "Legal content review team", "reviewedByUrl": "/about/review-team/", "reviewerAttribution": "organization" }, "governance": { "reviewerAttributionStatus": "organization", "reviewerLabel": "Organization-level review recorded; named legal reviewer pending", "sourceCitationStatus": "source-metadata-present", "sourceLabel": "Primary reference reviewed", "hasPrimarySourceUrl": true, "primarySourceUrl": "https://cga.ct.gov/2022/sup/chap_818.htm", "sourceAccessedAt": "2026-05-31", "sourceType": "agency-guidance", "signedAt": null, "effectiveAt": "2022-01-01", "hasLegalDateMetadata": true }, "sources": [ { "label": "Connecticut General Statutes Chapter 818: Connecticut Parentage Act", "url": "https://cga.ct.gov/2022/sup/chap_818.htm" } ], "page": "https://patriotconceptions.com/surrogacy/laws-and-policies/ct/" }, { "stateCode": "DC", "stateName": "District of Columbia", "status": "friendly", "summary": "DC passed the Collaborative Reproduction Amendment Act of 2016 (effective April 7, 2017), which makes surrogacy contracts legal and enforceable. D.C. law allows intended parents to obtain a pre-birth order of parentage regardless of genetic connection, marital status, or sexual orientation.", "legalStatus": "Surrogacy permitted by statute", "preBirthOrders": "varies", "compensatedSurrogacy": "varies", "residencyRequirement": false, "lastUpdated": "2025-10-28T00:00:00.000Z", "review": { "reviewedBy": "Patriot Conceptions Legal Review Team", "reviewedByTitle": "Legal content review team", "reviewedByUrl": "/about/review-team/", "reviewerAttribution": "organization" }, "governance": { "reviewerAttributionStatus": "organization", "reviewerLabel": "Organization-level review recorded; named legal reviewer pending", "sourceCitationStatus": "source-metadata-present", "sourceLabel": "Primary reference reviewed", "hasPrimarySourceUrl": true, "primarySourceUrl": "https://code.dccouncil.gov/us/dc/council/code/sections/16-401", "sourceAccessedAt": "2026-05-31", "sourceType": "legislation", "signedAt": null, "effectiveAt": "2017-04-07", "hasLegalDateMetadata": true }, "sources": [ { "label": "Code of the District of Columbia Section 16-401: collaborative reproduction definitions", "url": "https://code.dccouncil.gov/us/dc/council/code/sections/16-401" } ], "page": "https://patriotconceptions.com/surrogacy/laws-and-policies/dc/" }, { "stateCode": "DE", "stateName": "Delaware", "status": "friendly", "summary": "Gestational Surrogacy is permitted by Delaware Code 13, § 8-801 through § 8-810. Under the statute, so long as the specified requirements are met, the Gestational Carrier is “not a parent of a child b...", "legalStatus": "No specific surrogacy legislation", "preBirthOrders": "varies", "compensatedSurrogacy": "varies", "residencyRequirement": false, "lastUpdated": "2025-10-08T00:00:00.000Z", "review": { "reviewedBy": "Patriot Conceptions Legal Review Team", "reviewedByTitle": "Legal content review team", "reviewedByUrl": "/about/review-team/", "reviewerAttribution": "organization" }, "governance": { "reviewerAttributionStatus": "organization", "reviewerLabel": "Organization-level review recorded; named legal reviewer pending", "sourceCitationStatus": "source-metadata-present", "sourceLabel": "Primary reference reviewed", "hasPrimarySourceUrl": true, "primarySourceUrl": "https://delcode.delaware.gov/title13/c008/sc08/index.html", "sourceAccessedAt": "2026-05-31", "sourceType": "legislation", "signedAt": null, "effectiveAt": null, "hasLegalDateMetadata": false }, "sources": [ { "label": "Delaware Code Title 13, Chapter 8, Subchapter VIII: gestational agreements", "url": "https://delcode.delaware.gov/title13/c008/sc08/index.html" } ], "page": "https://patriotconceptions.com/surrogacy/laws-and-policies/de/" }, { "stateCode": "FL", "stateName": "Florida", "status": "moderate", "summary": "Gestational Surrogacy is permitted by statute in Florida (Ch.742.15 FL Stat.) for married couples who are allowed to file Petitions for Affirmation of Parental Status. The surrogacy statute does not a...", "legalStatus": "Gestational Surrogacy is permitted by statute in Florida (Ch.742.15 FL Stat.) for married couples who are allowed to file Petitions for Affirmation of Parental Status. The surrogacy statute does not a", "preBirthOrders": "varies", "compensatedSurrogacy": "varies", "residencyRequirement": false, "lastUpdated": "2025-10-08T00:00:00.000Z", "review": { "reviewedBy": "Patriot Conceptions Legal Review Team", "reviewedByTitle": "Legal content review team", "reviewedByUrl": "/about/review-team/", "reviewerAttribution": "organization" }, "governance": { "reviewerAttributionStatus": "organization", "reviewerLabel": "Organization-level review recorded; named legal reviewer pending", "sourceCitationStatus": "source-metadata-present", "sourceLabel": "Primary reference reviewed", "hasPrimarySourceUrl": true, "primarySourceUrl": "https://www.leg.state.fl.us/STATUTES/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute&Search_String=&URL=0700-0799/0742/Sections/0742.15.html", "sourceAccessedAt": "2026-05-31", "sourceType": "legislation", "signedAt": null, "effectiveAt": null, "hasLegalDateMetadata": false }, "sources": [ { "label": "Florida Statutes Section 742.15: gestational surrogacy contract", "url": "https://www.leg.state.fl.us/STATUTES/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute&Search_String=&URL=0700-0799/0742/Sections/0742.15.html" } ], "page": "https://patriotconceptions.com/surrogacy/laws-and-policies/fl/" }, { "stateCode": "GA", "stateName": "Georgia", "status": "moderate", "summary": "Gestational Surrogacy is permitted in Georgia because no statute or published case law prohibits it....", "legalStatus": "No specific surrogacy legislation", "preBirthOrders": true, "compensatedSurrogacy": "varies", "residencyRequirement": false, "lastUpdated": "2025-10-08T00:00:00.000Z", "review": { "reviewedBy": "Patriot Conceptions Legal Review Team", "reviewedByTitle": "Legal content review team", "reviewedByUrl": "/about/review-team/", "reviewerAttribution": "organization" }, "governance": { "reviewerAttributionStatus": "organization", "reviewerLabel": "Organization-level review recorded; named legal reviewer pending", "sourceCitationStatus": "source-metadata-present", "sourceLabel": "Primary reference reviewed", "hasPrimarySourceUrl": true, "primarySourceUrl": "https://www.legis.ga.gov/", "sourceAccessedAt": "2026-05-31", "sourceType": "legislation", "signedAt": null, "effectiveAt": null, "hasLegalDateMetadata": false }, "sources": [ { "label": "Georgia Code Section 19-8-41: embryo transfer and adoption exception", "url": "https://www.legis.ga.gov/" } ], "page": "https://patriotconceptions.com/surrogacy/laws-and-policies/ga/" }, { "stateCode": "HI", "stateName": "Hawaii", "status": "friendly", "summary": "Gestational Surrogacy is permitted in Hawaii because no statute or published case law prohibits it....", "legalStatus": "No comprehensive surrogacy statute; gestational surrogacy is generally practiced through parentage orders and case-by-case legal review.", "preBirthOrders": true, "compensatedSurrogacy": true, "residencyRequirement": false, "lastUpdated": "2026-02-06T05:17:45.420Z", "review": { "reviewedBy": "Fertility Connections Hawaii", "reviewedByTitle": "Legal content review team", "reviewedByUrl": "/about/review-team/", "reviewerAttribution": "organization" }, "governance": { "reviewerAttributionStatus": "organization", "reviewerLabel": "Organization-level review recorded; named legal reviewer pending", "sourceCitationStatus": "source-metadata-present", "sourceLabel": "Primary reference reviewed", "hasPrimarySourceUrl": true, "primarySourceUrl": "https://www.fertilityconnectionshawaii.com", "sourceAccessedAt": "2026-05-31", "sourceType": "judicial", "signedAt": null, "effectiveAt": null, "hasLegalDateMetadata": false }, "sources": [ { "label": "Caprice R. Itagaki, Esq.", "url": "https://www.fertilityconnectionshawaii.com" } ], "page": "https://patriotconceptions.com/surrogacy/laws-and-policies/hi/" }, { "stateCode": "IA", "stateName": "Iowa", "status": "friendly", "summary": "The Iowa Code implicitly permits Gestational Surrogacy. First, it specifically exempts surrogacy agreements from Iowa Code §710.11, which prohibits the purchase or sale of an individual....", "legalStatus": "No specific surrogacy legislation", "preBirthOrders": true, "compensatedSurrogacy": "varies", "residencyRequirement": true, "lastUpdated": "2025-10-08T00:00:00.000Z", "review": { "reviewedBy": "Patriot Conceptions Legal Review Team", "reviewedByTitle": "Legal content review team", "reviewedByUrl": "/about/review-team/", "reviewerAttribution": "organization" }, "governance": { "reviewerAttributionStatus": "organization", "reviewerLabel": "Organization-level review recorded; named legal reviewer pending", "sourceCitationStatus": "source-metadata-present", "sourceLabel": "Primary reference reviewed", "hasPrimarySourceUrl": true, "primarySourceUrl": "https://www.legis.iowa.gov/docs/code/710.pdf", "sourceAccessedAt": "2026-05-31", "sourceType": "legislation", "signedAt": null, "effectiveAt": null, "hasLegalDateMetadata": false }, "sources": [ { "label": "Iowa Code Chapter 710: human trafficking and surrogate mother arrangement exception", "url": "https://www.legis.iowa.gov/docs/code/710.pdf" } ], "page": "https://patriotconceptions.com/surrogacy/laws-and-policies/ia/" }, { "stateCode": "ID", "stateName": "Idaho", "status": "friendly", "summary": "Idaho recently passed a Gestational Agreements Act permitting Gestational Surrogacy in the state. The new House Bill 264, effective July 1, 2023, recognizes the Intended Parent(s) as the resulting chi...", "legalStatus": "No specific surrogacy legislation", "preBirthOrders": "varies", "compensatedSurrogacy": "varies", "residencyRequirement": true, "lastUpdated": "2025-10-08T00:00:00.000Z", "review": { "reviewedBy": "Patriot Conceptions Legal Review Team", "reviewedByTitle": "Legal content review team", "reviewedByUrl": "/about/review-team/", "reviewerAttribution": "organization" }, "governance": { "reviewerAttributionStatus": "organization", "reviewerLabel": "Organization-level review recorded; named legal reviewer pending", "sourceCitationStatus": "source-metadata-present", "sourceLabel": "Primary reference reviewed", "hasPrimarySourceUrl": true, "primarySourceUrl": "https://legislature.idaho.gov/statutesrules/idstat/", "sourceAccessedAt": "2026-05-31", "sourceType": "legislation", "signedAt": null, "effectiveAt": null, "hasLegalDateMetadata": false }, "sources": [ { "label": "Idaho Legislature: Idaho Statutes index consulted for state-law posture", "url": "https://legislature.idaho.gov/statutesrules/idstat/" } ], "page": "https://patriotconceptions.com/surrogacy/laws-and-policies/id/" }, { "stateCode": "IL", "stateName": "Illinois", "status": "friendly", "summary": "Gestational Surrogacy in Illinois is permitted by 750 ILCS 47/1 – 47/75....", "legalStatus": "Gestational surrogacy permitted under the Illinois Gestational Surrogacy Act (750 ILCS 47/1-47/75).", "preBirthOrders": true, "compensatedSurrogacy": true, "residencyRequirement": false, "lastUpdated": "2025-10-08T00:00:00.000Z", "review": { "reviewedBy": "Patriot Conceptions Legal Review Team", "reviewedByTitle": "Legal content review team", "reviewedByUrl": "/about/review-team/", "reviewerAttribution": "organization" }, "governance": { "reviewerAttributionStatus": "organization", "reviewerLabel": "Organization-level review recorded; named legal reviewer pending", "sourceCitationStatus": "source-metadata-present", "sourceLabel": "Primary reference reviewed", "hasPrimarySourceUrl": true, "primarySourceUrl": "https://www.ilga.gov/Legislation/ILCS/Articles?ActID=2613&ChapterID=59", "sourceAccessedAt": "2026-05-31", "sourceType": "legislation", "signedAt": null, "effectiveAt": "2005-01-01", "hasLegalDateMetadata": true }, "sources": [ { "label": "Illinois Compiled Statutes: Gestational Surrogacy Act (750 ILCS 47)", "url": "https://www.ilga.gov/Legislation/ILCS/Articles?ActID=2613&ChapterID=59" } ], "page": "https://patriotconceptions.com/surrogacy/laws-and-policies/il/" }, { "stateCode": "IN", "stateName": "Indiana", "status": "moderate", "summary": "Surrogacy contracts in Indiana are void under Indiana Code §31-20-1-1 (p.421), which makes surrogacy contracts void and unenforceable. Despite the unenforceability of surrogacy contracts, Gestational ...", "legalStatus": "No specific surrogacy legislation", "preBirthOrders": true, "compensatedSurrogacy": "varies", "residencyRequirement": false, "lastUpdated": "2025-10-08T00:00:00.000Z", "review": { "reviewedBy": "Patriot Conceptions Legal Review Team", "reviewedByTitle": "Legal content review team", "reviewedByUrl": "/about/review-team/", "reviewerAttribution": "organization" }, "governance": { "reviewerAttributionStatus": "organization", "reviewerLabel": "Organization-level review recorded; named legal reviewer pending", "sourceCitationStatus": "source-metadata-present", "sourceLabel": "Primary reference reviewed", "hasPrimarySourceUrl": true, "primarySourceUrl": "https://iga.in.gov/laws/2025/ic/titles/31#31-20-1-1", "sourceAccessedAt": "2026-05-31", "sourceType": "legislation", "signedAt": null, "effectiveAt": null, "hasLegalDateMetadata": false }, "sources": [ { "label": "Indiana Code Article 31-20: surrogate agreements", "url": "https://iga.in.gov/laws/2025/ic/titles/31#31-20-1-1" } ], "page": "https://patriotconceptions.com/surrogacy/laws-and-policies/in/" }, { "stateCode": "KS", "stateName": "Kansas", "status": "moderate", "summary": "Gestational Surrogacy is permitted in Kansas because no statute or published case law prohibits it....", "legalStatus": "No specific surrogacy legislation", "preBirthOrders": true, "compensatedSurrogacy": "varies", "residencyRequirement": false, "lastUpdated": "2025-10-08T00:00:00.000Z", "review": { "reviewedBy": "Patriot Conceptions Legal Review Team", "reviewedByTitle": "Legal content review team", "reviewedByUrl": "/about/review-team/", "reviewerAttribution": "organization" }, "governance": { "reviewerAttributionStatus": "organization", "reviewerLabel": "Organization-level review recorded; named legal reviewer pending", "sourceCitationStatus": "source-metadata-present", "sourceLabel": "Primary reference reviewed", "hasPrimarySourceUrl": true, "primarySourceUrl": "https://ksag.washburnlaw.edu/opinions/1982/1982-150.pdf", "sourceAccessedAt": "2026-05-31", "sourceType": "agency-guidance", "signedAt": null, "effectiveAt": null, "hasLegalDateMetadata": false }, "sources": [ { "label": "Kansas Attorney General Opinion 1982-150: surrogate parenting contracts", "url": "https://ksag.washburnlaw.edu/opinions/1982/1982-150.pdf" } ], "page": "https://patriotconceptions.com/surrogacy/laws-and-policies/ks/" }, { "stateCode": "KY", "stateName": "Kentucky", "status": "moderate", "summary": "Gestational Surrogacy is permitted because no statute or published case law prohibits it....", "legalStatus": "Surrogacy contracts are prohibited or unenforceable", "preBirthOrders": true, "compensatedSurrogacy": "varies", "residencyRequirement": false, "lastUpdated": "2025-10-08T00:00:00.000Z", "review": { "reviewedBy": "Patriot Conceptions Legal Review Team", "reviewedByTitle": "Legal content review team", "reviewedByUrl": "/about/review-team/", "reviewerAttribution": "organization" }, "governance": { "reviewerAttributionStatus": "organization", "reviewerLabel": "Organization-level review recorded; named legal reviewer pending", "sourceCitationStatus": "source-metadata-present", "sourceLabel": "Primary reference reviewed", "hasPrimarySourceUrl": true, "primarySourceUrl": "https://apps.legislature.ky.gov/law/statutes/", "sourceAccessedAt": "2026-05-31", "sourceType": "legislation", "signedAt": null, "effectiveAt": null, "hasLegalDateMetadata": false }, "sources": [ { "label": "Kentucky Legislature: Kentucky Revised Statutes index consulted for state-law posture", "url": "https://apps.legislature.ky.gov/law/statutes/" } ], "page": "https://patriotconceptions.com/surrogacy/laws-and-policies/ky/" }, { "stateCode": "LA", "stateName": "Louisiana", "status": "restrictive", "summary": "Louisiana Surrogacy Bill HB 1102 took effect on August 1, 2016. This bill restricts gestational surrogacy to heterosexual married couples using their own gametes and places onerous requirements on suc...", "legalStatus": "Surrogacy contracts are prohibited or unenforceable", "preBirthOrders": true, "compensatedSurrogacy": false, "residencyRequirement": false, "lastUpdated": "2025-10-08T00:00:00.000Z", "review": { "reviewedBy": "Patriot Conceptions Legal Review Team", "reviewedByTitle": "Legal content review team", "reviewedByUrl": "/about/review-team/", "reviewerAttribution": "organization" }, "governance": { "reviewerAttributionStatus": "organization", "reviewerLabel": "Organization-level review recorded; named legal reviewer pending", "sourceCitationStatus": "source-metadata-present", "sourceLabel": "Primary reference reviewed", "hasPrimarySourceUrl": true, "primarySourceUrl": "https://www.legis.la.gov/legis/Law.aspx?d=1015732", "sourceAccessedAt": "2026-05-31", "sourceType": "legislation", "signedAt": null, "effectiveAt": "2016-08-01", "hasLegalDateMetadata": true }, "sources": [ { "label": "Louisiana Revised Statutes Section 9:2718: gestational carrier contracts", "url": "https://www.legis.la.gov/legis/Law.aspx?d=1015732" } ], "page": "https://patriotconceptions.com/surrogacy/laws-and-policies/la/" }, { "stateCode": "MA", "stateName": "Massachusetts", "status": "friendly", "summary": "Gestational Surrogacy is permitted by the Massachusetts Parentage Act, enacted in 2024, effective January 1, 2025 (G.L. c. 209(c), Section 28 et seq.)....", "legalStatus": "No specific surrogacy legislation", "preBirthOrders": true, "compensatedSurrogacy": true, "residencyRequirement": false, "lastUpdated": "2025-10-08T00:00:00.000Z", "review": { "reviewedBy": "Patriot Conceptions Legal Review Team", "reviewedByTitle": "Legal content review team", "reviewedByUrl": "/about/review-team/", "reviewerAttribution": "organization" }, "governance": { "reviewerAttributionStatus": "organization", "reviewerLabel": "Organization-level review recorded; named legal reviewer pending", "sourceCitationStatus": "source-metadata-present", "sourceLabel": "Primary reference reviewed", "hasPrimarySourceUrl": true, "primarySourceUrl": "https://www.fertilitylawcenter.com", "sourceAccessedAt": "2026-05-31", "sourceType": "agency-guidance", "signedAt": null, "effectiveAt": null, "hasLegalDateMetadata": false }, "sources": [ { "label": "Kathleen A. DeLisle, Esq", "url": "https://www.fertilitylawcenter.com" } ], "page": "https://patriotconceptions.com/surrogacy/laws-and-policies/ma/" }, { "stateCode": "MD", "stateName": "Maryland", "status": "friendly", "summary": "The state of Maryland allows for gestational surrogacy under case-law and practice, including for singles, unmarried couples, those using their own gametes or donor egg, sperm, or embryo. Maryland is ...", "legalStatus": "No specific surrogacy legislation", "preBirthOrders": true, "compensatedSurrogacy": "varies", "residencyRequirement": false, "lastUpdated": "2025-10-08T00:00:00.000Z", "review": { "reviewedBy": "Patriot Conceptions Legal Review Team", "reviewedByTitle": "Legal content review team", "reviewedByUrl": "/about/review-team/", "reviewerAttribution": "organization" }, "governance": { "reviewerAttributionStatus": "organization", "reviewerLabel": "Organization-level review recorded; named legal reviewer pending", "sourceCitationStatus": "source-metadata-present", "sourceLabel": "Primary reference reviewed", "hasPrimarySourceUrl": true, "primarySourceUrl": "https://www.mdcourts.gov/opinions", "sourceAccessedAt": "2026-05-31", "sourceType": "judicial", "signedAt": null, "effectiveAt": null, "hasLegalDateMetadata": false }, "sources": [ { "label": "Maryland Judiciary: appellate opinions index consulted for parentage case law", "url": "https://www.mdcourts.gov/opinions" } ], "page": "https://patriotconceptions.com/surrogacy/laws-and-policies/md/" }, { "stateCode": "ME", "stateName": "Maine", "status": "friendly", "summary": "Effective July 1, 2016, The Maine Parentage Act provides statutory permission to engage in gestational surrogacy in Maine per Title 19A, Chapter 61....", "legalStatus": "No specific surrogacy legislation", "preBirthOrders": true, "compensatedSurrogacy": true, "residencyRequirement": true, "lastUpdated": "2025-10-08T00:00:00.000Z", "review": { "reviewedBy": "Patriot Conceptions Legal Review Team", "reviewedByTitle": "Legal content review team", "reviewedByUrl": "/about/review-team/", "reviewerAttribution": "organization" }, "governance": { "reviewerAttributionStatus": "organization", "reviewerLabel": "Organization-level review recorded; named legal reviewer pending", "sourceCitationStatus": "source-metadata-present", "sourceLabel": "Primary reference reviewed", "hasPrimarySourceUrl": true, "primarySourceUrl": "https://www.fertilitylawcenter.com", "sourceAccessedAt": "2026-05-31", "sourceType": "agency-guidance", "signedAt": null, "effectiveAt": null, "hasLegalDateMetadata": false }, "sources": [ { "label": "Kathleen A. DeLisle, Esq", "url": "https://www.fertilitylawcenter.com" } ], "page": "https://patriotconceptions.com/surrogacy/laws-and-policies/me/" }, { "stateCode": "MI", "stateName": "Michigan", "status": "friendly", "summary": "On April 1, 2025, The Assisted Reproduction and Surrogacy Parentage Act, which was passed in 2024, takes effect. This statute permits Gestational Surrogacy in Michigan and recognizes the Intended Pare...", "legalStatus": "Gestational surrogacy permitted under the Assisted Reproduction and Surrogacy Parentage Act (effective April 2, 2025).", "preBirthOrders": true, "compensatedSurrogacy": true, "residencyRequirement": false, "lastUpdated": "2025-10-08T00:00:00.000Z", "review": { "reviewedBy": "Patriot Conceptions Legal Review Team", "reviewedByTitle": "Legal content review team", "reviewedByUrl": "/about/review-team/", "reviewerAttribution": "organization" }, "governance": { "reviewerAttributionStatus": "organization", "reviewerLabel": "Organization-level review recorded; named legal reviewer pending", "sourceCitationStatus": "source-metadata-present", "sourceLabel": "Primary reference reviewed", "hasPrimarySourceUrl": true, "primarySourceUrl": "https://www.legislature.mi.gov/Laws/MCL?objectName=mcl-Act-24-of-2024", "sourceAccessedAt": "2026-05-31", "sourceType": "legislation", "signedAt": "2024-04-01", "effectiveAt": "2025-04-02", "hasLegalDateMetadata": true }, "sources": [ { "label": "Michigan Legislature: Assisted Reproduction and Surrogacy Parentage Act", "url": "https://www.legislature.mi.gov/Laws/MCL?objectName=mcl-Act-24-of-2024" } ], "page": "https://patriotconceptions.com/surrogacy/laws-and-policies/mi/" }, { "stateCode": "MN", "stateName": "Minnesota", "status": "friendly", "summary": "Gestational Surrogacy is permitted because no statute or published case law prohibits it....", "legalStatus": "No specific surrogacy legislation", "preBirthOrders": true, "compensatedSurrogacy": true, "residencyRequirement": false, "lastUpdated": "2025-10-08T00:00:00.000Z", "review": { "reviewedBy": "Patriot Conceptions Legal Review Team", "reviewedByTitle": "Legal content review team", "reviewedByUrl": "/about/review-team/", "reviewerAttribution": "organization" }, "governance": { "reviewerAttributionStatus": "organization", "reviewerLabel": "Organization-level review recorded; named legal reviewer pending", "sourceCitationStatus": "source-metadata-present", "sourceLabel": "Primary reference reviewed", "hasPrimarySourceUrl": true, "primarySourceUrl": "https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/257C", "sourceAccessedAt": "2026-05-31", "sourceType": "legislation", "signedAt": null, "effectiveAt": null, "hasLegalDateMetadata": false }, "sources": [ { "label": "Minnesota Revisor of Statutes: Chapter 257C family law index consulted for state-law posture", "url": "https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/257C" } ], "page": "https://patriotconceptions.com/surrogacy/laws-and-policies/mn/" }, { "stateCode": "MO", "stateName": "Missouri", "status": "moderate", "summary": "Do courts grant pre-birth parentage orders in Missouri?...", "legalStatus": "No specific surrogacy legislation", "preBirthOrders": false, "compensatedSurrogacy": "varies", "residencyRequirement": false, "lastUpdated": "2025-10-08T00:00:00.000Z", "review": { "reviewedBy": "Patriot Conceptions Legal Review Team", "reviewedByTitle": "Legal content review team", "reviewedByUrl": "/about/review-team/", "reviewerAttribution": "organization" }, "governance": { "reviewerAttributionStatus": "organization", "reviewerLabel": "Organization-level review recorded; named legal reviewer pending", "sourceCitationStatus": "source-metadata-present", "sourceLabel": "Primary reference reviewed", "hasPrimarySourceUrl": true, "primarySourceUrl": "https://revisor.mo.gov/main/OneChapter.aspx?chapter=210", "sourceAccessedAt": "2026-05-31", "sourceType": "legislation", "signedAt": null, "effectiveAt": null, "hasLegalDateMetadata": false }, "sources": [ { "label": "Missouri Revisor of Statutes: Chapter 210 family law index consulted for state-law posture", "url": "https://revisor.mo.gov/main/OneChapter.aspx?chapter=210" } ], "page": "https://patriotconceptions.com/surrogacy/laws-and-policies/mo/" }, { "stateCode": "MS", "stateName": "Mississippi", "status": "moderate", "summary": "Gestational Surrogacy is permitted because no statute or published case law prohibits it....", "legalStatus": "No specific surrogacy legislation", "preBirthOrders": true, "compensatedSurrogacy": "varies", "residencyRequirement": false, "lastUpdated": "2025-10-08T00:00:00.000Z", "review": { "reviewedBy": "Patriot Conceptions Legal Review Team", "reviewedByTitle": "Legal content review team", "reviewedByUrl": "/about/review-team/", "reviewerAttribution": "organization" }, "governance": { "reviewerAttributionStatus": "organization", "reviewerLabel": "Organization-level review recorded; named legal reviewer pending", "sourceCitationStatus": "source-metadata-present", "sourceLabel": "Primary reference reviewed", "hasPrimarySourceUrl": true, "primarySourceUrl": "https://www.sos.ms.gov/adminsearch/default.aspx", "sourceAccessedAt": "2026-05-31", "sourceType": "legislation", "signedAt": null, "effectiveAt": null, "hasLegalDateMetadata": false }, "sources": [ { "label": "Mississippi Secretary of State: administrative and code search portal consulted for parentage law", "url": "https://www.sos.ms.gov/adminsearch/default.aspx" } ], "page": "https://patriotconceptions.com/surrogacy/laws-and-policies/ms/" }, { "stateCode": "MT", "stateName": "Montana", "status": "moderate", "summary": "Gestational Surrogacy is permitted because no statute or published case law prohibits it....", "legalStatus": "No specific surrogacy legislation", "preBirthOrders": true, "compensatedSurrogacy": true, "residencyRequirement": false, "lastUpdated": "2025-10-08T00:00:00.000Z", "review": { "reviewedBy": "Patriot Conceptions Legal Review Team", "reviewedByTitle": "Legal content review team", "reviewedByUrl": "/about/review-team/", "reviewerAttribution": "organization" }, "governance": { "reviewerAttributionStatus": "organization", "reviewerLabel": "Organization-level review recorded; named legal reviewer pending", "sourceCitationStatus": "source-metadata-present", "sourceLabel": "Primary reference reviewed", "hasPrimarySourceUrl": true, "primarySourceUrl": "https://leg.mt.gov/bills/mca/title_0400/chapter_0060/part_0100/sections_index.html", "sourceAccessedAt": "2026-05-31", "sourceType": "legislation", "signedAt": null, "effectiveAt": null, "hasLegalDateMetadata": false }, "sources": [ { "label": "Montana Code Section 40-6-106: child conceived by assisted reproduction", "url": "https://leg.mt.gov/bills/mca/title_0400/chapter_0060/part_0100/sections_index.html" } ], "page": "https://patriotconceptions.com/surrogacy/laws-and-policies/mt/" }, { "stateCode": "NC", "stateName": "North Carolina", "status": "moderate", "summary": "Gestational Surrogacy is permitted in North Carolina because no statute or published case law prohibits it....", "legalStatus": "No specific surrogacy legislation", "preBirthOrders": true, "compensatedSurrogacy": "varies", "residencyRequirement": false, "lastUpdated": "2025-10-08T00:00:00.000Z", "review": { "reviewedBy": "Patriot Conceptions Legal Review Team", "reviewedByTitle": "Legal content review team", "reviewedByUrl": "/about/review-team/", "reviewerAttribution": "organization" }, "governance": { "reviewerAttributionStatus": "organization", "reviewerLabel": "Organization-level review recorded; named legal reviewer pending", "sourceCitationStatus": "source-metadata-present", "sourceLabel": "Primary reference reviewed", "hasPrimarySourceUrl": true, "primarySourceUrl": "https://ncleg.gov/Laws/GeneralStatuteSections/Chapter50", "sourceAccessedAt": "2026-05-31", "sourceType": "judicial", "signedAt": null, "effectiveAt": null, "hasLegalDateMetadata": false }, "sources": [ { "label": "North Carolina General Assembly: Chapter 50 family law sections", "url": "https://ncleg.gov/Laws/GeneralStatuteSections/Chapter50" } ], "page": "https://patriotconceptions.com/surrogacy/laws-and-policies/nc/" }, { "stateCode": "ND", "stateName": "North Dakota", "status": "moderate", "summary": "Gestational Surrogacy is permitted by statute N.D. Cent. Code §§14-18, which states clearly and simply that a child born to a gestational carrier is the child of the intended parents for all purposes....", "legalStatus": "Gestational Surrogacy is permitted by statute N.D. Cent. Code §§14-18, which states clearly and simply that a child born to a gestational carrier is the child of the intended parents for all purposes", "preBirthOrders": true, "compensatedSurrogacy": false, "residencyRequirement": false, "lastUpdated": "2025-10-08T00:00:00.000Z", "review": { "reviewedBy": "Patriot Conceptions Legal Review Team", "reviewedByTitle": "Legal content review team", "reviewedByUrl": "/about/review-team/", "reviewerAttribution": "organization" }, "governance": { "reviewerAttributionStatus": "organization", "reviewerLabel": "Organization-level review recorded; named legal reviewer pending", "sourceCitationStatus": "source-metadata-present", "sourceLabel": "Primary reference reviewed", "hasPrimarySourceUrl": true, "primarySourceUrl": "https://ndlegis.gov/cencode/t14c18.html", "sourceAccessedAt": "2026-05-31", "sourceType": "legislation", "signedAt": null, "effectiveAt": null, "hasLegalDateMetadata": false }, "sources": [ { "label": "North Dakota Century Code Chapter 14-18: gestational carrier agreements", "url": "https://ndlegis.gov/cencode/t14c18.html" } ], "page": "https://patriotconceptions.com/surrogacy/laws-and-policies/nd/" }, { "stateCode": "NE", "stateName": "Nebraska", "status": "moderate", "summary": "Nebraska statute R.R.S. Neb. 25-21, 200 makes compensated surrogacy contracts void and unenforceable. The statute defines a “surrogate parenthood contract” to include circumstances when a “woman is to...", "legalStatus": "No specific surrogacy legislation", "preBirthOrders": true, "compensatedSurrogacy": false, "residencyRequirement": false, "lastUpdated": "2025-10-08T00:00:00.000Z", "review": { "reviewedBy": "Patriot Conceptions Legal Review Team", "reviewedByTitle": "Legal content review team", "reviewedByUrl": "/about/review-team/", "reviewerAttribution": "organization" }, "governance": { "reviewerAttributionStatus": "organization", "reviewerLabel": "Organization-level review recorded; named legal reviewer pending", "sourceCitationStatus": "source-metadata-present", "sourceLabel": "Primary reference reviewed", "hasPrimarySourceUrl": true, "primarySourceUrl": "https://www.nebraskalegislature.gov/laws/statutes.php?statute=25-21%2C200", "sourceAccessedAt": "2026-05-31", "sourceType": "legislation", "signedAt": null, "effectiveAt": null, "hasLegalDateMetadata": false }, "sources": [ { "label": "Nebraska Revised Statute 25-21,200: surrogate parenthood contract", "url": "https://www.nebraskalegislature.gov/laws/statutes.php?statute=25-21%2C200" } ], "page": "https://patriotconceptions.com/surrogacy/laws-and-policies/ne/" }, { "stateCode": "NH", "stateName": "New Hampshire", "status": "friendly", "summary": "Gestational Surrogacy is permitted in New Hampshire by statute, N.H.Rev.Stat. Ann.168-B (2014)....", "legalStatus": "No specific surrogacy legislation", "preBirthOrders": true, "compensatedSurrogacy": true, "residencyRequirement": false, "lastUpdated": "2025-10-08T00:00:00.000Z", "review": { "reviewedBy": "Patriot Conceptions Legal Review Team", "reviewedByTitle": "Legal content review team", "reviewedByUrl": "/about/review-team/", "reviewerAttribution": "organization" }, "governance": { "reviewerAttributionStatus": "organization", "reviewerLabel": "Organization-level review recorded; named legal reviewer pending", "sourceCitationStatus": "source-metadata-present", "sourceLabel": "Primary reference reviewed", "hasPrimarySourceUrl": true, "primarySourceUrl": "https://www.fertilitylawcenter.com", "sourceAccessedAt": "2026-05-31", "sourceType": "agency-guidance", "signedAt": null, "effectiveAt": null, "hasLegalDateMetadata": false }, "sources": [ { "label": "Kathleen A. DeLisle, Esq", "url": "https://www.fertilitylawcenter.com" } ], "page": "https://patriotconceptions.com/surrogacy/laws-and-policies/nh/" }, { "stateCode": "NJ", "stateName": "New Jersey", "status": "friendly", "summary": "The New Jersey Gestational Carrier Agreement Act (signed into law on May 30, 2018 and effective immediately) provides for enforceable gestational carrier agreements and pre-birth orders in NJ under ce...", "legalStatus": "Has a statute.", "preBirthOrders": true, "compensatedSurrogacy": true, "residencyRequirement": true, "lastUpdated": "2025-10-08T00:00:00.000Z", "review": { "reviewedBy": "Patriot Conceptions Legal Review Team", "reviewedByTitle": "Legal content review team", "reviewedByUrl": "/about/review-team/", "reviewerAttribution": "organization" }, "governance": { "reviewerAttributionStatus": "organization", "reviewerLabel": "Organization-level review recorded; named legal reviewer pending", "sourceCitationStatus": "source-metadata-present", "sourceLabel": "Primary reference reviewed", "hasPrimarySourceUrl": true, "primarySourceUrl": "https://pub.njleg.gov/Bills/2018/AL18/18_.HTM", "sourceAccessedAt": "2026-05-31", "sourceType": "agency-guidance", "signedAt": null, "effectiveAt": null, "hasLegalDateMetadata": false }, "sources": [ { "label": "New Jersey P.L. 2018, c.18: Gestational Carrier Agreement Act", "url": "https://pub.njleg.gov/Bills/2018/AL18/18_.HTM" } ], "page": "https://patriotconceptions.com/surrogacy/laws-and-policies/nj/" }, { "stateCode": "NM", "stateName": "New Mexico", "status": "moderate", "summary": "New Mexico has a statute whose sole purpose is to state that Gestational Surrogacy agreements are neither expressly permitted nor prohibited: N.M. Stat. Ann.§40-11A-801....", "legalStatus": "Surrogacy contracts are prohibited or unenforceable", "preBirthOrders": true, "compensatedSurrogacy": "varies", "residencyRequirement": false, "lastUpdated": "2025-10-08T00:00:00.000Z", "review": { "reviewedBy": "Patriot Conceptions Legal Review Team", "reviewedByTitle": "Legal content review team", "reviewedByUrl": "/about/review-team/", "reviewerAttribution": "organization" }, "governance": { "reviewerAttributionStatus": "organization", "reviewerLabel": "Organization-level review recorded; named legal reviewer pending", "sourceCitationStatus": "source-metadata-present", "sourceLabel": "Primary reference reviewed", "hasPrimarySourceUrl": true, "primarySourceUrl": "https://nmonesource.com/nmos/nmsa/en/item/4370/index.do", "sourceAccessedAt": "2026-05-31", "sourceType": "legislation", "signedAt": null, "effectiveAt": null, "hasLegalDateMetadata": false }, "sources": [ { "label": "New Mexico Uniform Parentage Act Section 40-11A-801: gestational agreements", "url": "https://nmonesource.com/nmos/nmsa/en/item/4370/index.do" } ], "page": "https://patriotconceptions.com/surrogacy/laws-and-policies/nm/" }, { "stateCode": "NV", "stateName": "Nevada", "status": "friendly", "summary": "Nevada law permits gestational surrogacy per Nev. Rev. Stat. NRS 126.500-126.810....", "legalStatus": "Protected by statute.", "preBirthOrders": true, "compensatedSurrogacy": true, "residencyRequirement": false, "lastUpdated": "2025-10-08T00:00:00.000Z", "review": { "reviewedBy": "Patriot Conceptions Legal Review Team", "reviewedByTitle": "Legal content review team", "reviewedByUrl": "/about/review-team/", "reviewerAttribution": "organization" }, "governance": { "reviewerAttributionStatus": "organization", "reviewerLabel": "Organization-level review recorded; named legal reviewer pending", "sourceCitationStatus": "source-metadata-present", "sourceLabel": "Primary reference reviewed", "hasPrimarySourceUrl": true, "primarySourceUrl": "https://www.leg.state.nv.us/NRS/NRS-126.html#NRS126Sec500", "sourceAccessedAt": "2026-05-31", "sourceType": "agency-guidance", "signedAt": null, "effectiveAt": "2013-10-01", "hasLegalDateMetadata": true }, "sources": [ { "label": "Nevada Revised Statutes Chapter 126: assisted reproduction and gestational agreements", "url": "https://www.leg.state.nv.us/NRS/NRS-126.html#NRS126Sec500" } ], "page": "https://patriotconceptions.com/surrogacy/laws-and-policies/nv/" }, { "stateCode": "NY", "stateName": "New York", "status": "friendly", "summary": "New York law permits gestational surrogacy (NY Family Court Act §§ 581-203, 581-401, 581-406)....", "legalStatus": "Gestational surrogacy permitted under the New York Child-Parent Security Act and related Family Court Act provisions (including §§ 581-203, 581-401, and 581-406).", "preBirthOrders": true, "compensatedSurrogacy": true, "residencyRequirement": true, "lastUpdated": "2025-10-08T00:00:00.000Z", "review": { "reviewedBy": "Patriot Conceptions Legal Review Team", "reviewedByTitle": "Legal content review team", "reviewedByUrl": "/about/review-team/", "reviewerAttribution": "organization" }, "governance": { "reviewerAttributionStatus": "organization", "reviewerLabel": "Organization-level review recorded; named legal reviewer pending", "sourceCitationStatus": "source-metadata-present", "sourceLabel": "Primary reference reviewed", "hasPrimarySourceUrl": true, "primarySourceUrl": "https://www.fertilitylawcenter.com", "sourceAccessedAt": "2026-05-31", "sourceType": "legislation", "signedAt": "2020-04-03", "effectiveAt": "2021-02-15", "hasLegalDateMetadata": true }, "sources": [ { "label": "Kathleen A. DeLisle, Esq.", "url": "https://www.fertilitylawcenter.com" } ], "page": "https://patriotconceptions.com/surrogacy/laws-and-policies/ny/" }, { "stateCode": "OH", "stateName": "Ohio", "status": "moderate", "summary": "Gestational Surrogacy is permitted in Ohio by published case law J.F.v.D.B.,879N.E.2d740 (2007), in which the Ohio Supreme Court confirmed that Gestational Surrogacy is not against public policy. Gest...", "legalStatus": "No specific surrogacy legislation", "preBirthOrders": true, "compensatedSurrogacy": "varies", "residencyRequirement": true, "lastUpdated": "2025-10-08T00:00:00.000Z", "review": { "reviewedBy": "Patriot Conceptions Legal Review Team", "reviewedByTitle": "Legal content review team", "reviewedByUrl": "/about/review-team/", "reviewerAttribution": "organization" }, "governance": { "reviewerAttributionStatus": "organization", "reviewerLabel": "Organization-level review recorded; named legal reviewer pending", "sourceCitationStatus": "source-metadata-present", "sourceLabel": "Primary reference reviewed", "hasPrimarySourceUrl": true, "primarySourceUrl": "https://www.supremecourt.ohio.gov/rod/docs/pdf/0/2007/2007-Ohio-6750.pdf", "sourceAccessedAt": "2026-05-31", "sourceType": "judicial", "signedAt": null, "effectiveAt": null, "hasLegalDateMetadata": false }, "sources": [ { "label": "Supreme Court of Ohio: J.F. v. D.B. surrogacy agreement opinion", "url": "https://www.supremecourt.ohio.gov/rod/docs/pdf/0/2007/2007-Ohio-6750.pdf" } ], "page": "https://patriotconceptions.com/surrogacy/laws-and-policies/oh/" }, { "stateCode": "OK", "stateName": "Oklahoma", "status": "moderate", "summary": "New legislation in the state of Oklahoma, which is effective May 15, 2019, provides for enforceable gestational carrier agreements and pre-birth orders under certain conditions. The new Bill No. 2468 ...", "legalStatus": "Surrogacy contracts are prohibited or unenforceable", "preBirthOrders": "varies", "compensatedSurrogacy": "varies", "residencyRequirement": false, "lastUpdated": "2025-10-08T00:00:00.000Z", "review": { "reviewedBy": "Patriot Conceptions Legal Review Team", "reviewedByTitle": "Legal content review team", "reviewedByUrl": "/about/review-team/", "reviewerAttribution": "organization" }, "governance": { "reviewerAttributionStatus": "organization", "reviewerLabel": "Organization-level review recorded; named legal reviewer pending", "sourceCitationStatus": "source-metadata-present", "sourceLabel": "Primary reference reviewed", "hasPrimarySourceUrl": true, "primarySourceUrl": "https://oksenate.gov/sites/default/files/2019-12/os43.pdf", "sourceAccessedAt": "2026-05-31", "sourceType": "legislation", "signedAt": null, "effectiveAt": null, "hasLegalDateMetadata": false }, "sources": [ { "label": "Oklahoma Statutes Title 43 family law index consulted for state-law posture", "url": "https://oksenate.gov/sites/default/files/2019-12/os43.pdf" } ], "page": "https://patriotconceptions.com/surrogacy/laws-and-policies/ok/" }, { "stateCode": "OR", "stateName": "Oregon", "status": "friendly", "summary": "Gestational Surrogacy is permitted because no statute or published case law prohibits it....", "legalStatus": "No specific surrogacy legislation", "preBirthOrders": true, "compensatedSurrogacy": "varies", "residencyRequirement": false, "lastUpdated": "2025-10-08T00:00:00.000Z", "review": { "reviewedBy": "Patriot Conceptions Legal Review Team", "reviewedByTitle": "Legal content review team", "reviewedByUrl": "/about/review-team/", "reviewerAttribution": "organization" }, "governance": { "reviewerAttributionStatus": "organization", "reviewerLabel": "Organization-level review recorded; named legal reviewer pending", "sourceCitationStatus": "source-metadata-present", "sourceLabel": "Primary reference reviewed", "hasPrimarySourceUrl": true, "primarySourceUrl": "https://olis.oregonlegislature.gov/liz/2025R1/Measures/Overview/SB163", "sourceAccessedAt": "2026-05-31", "sourceType": "legislation", "signedAt": "2025-06-27", "effectiveAt": null, "hasLegalDateMetadata": true }, "sources": [ { "label": "Oregon Legislature: SB 163 (2025) parentage and assisted reproduction updates", "url": "https://olis.oregonlegislature.gov/liz/2025R1/Measures/Overview/SB163" } ], "page": "https://patriotconceptions.com/surrogacy/laws-and-policies/or/" }, { "stateCode": "PA", "stateName": "Pennsylvania", "status": "moderate", "summary": "Gestational Surrogacy is permitted because no statute or published case law prohibits it. In J.F.v.D.B.,897 A.2d1261 (2006), the Pennsylvania Superior Court struck down a trial court’s holdings that a...", "legalStatus": "No specific surrogacy legislation. A bill is pending.", "preBirthOrders": true, "compensatedSurrogacy": true, "residencyRequirement": true, "lastUpdated": "2025-10-08T00:00:00.000Z", "review": { "reviewedBy": "Patriot Conceptions Legal Review Team", "reviewedByTitle": "Legal content review team", "reviewedByUrl": "/about/review-team/", "reviewerAttribution": "organization" }, "governance": { "reviewerAttributionStatus": "organization", "reviewerLabel": "Organization-level review recorded; named legal reviewer pending", "sourceCitationStatus": "source-metadata-present", "sourceLabel": "Primary reference reviewed", "hasPrimarySourceUrl": true, "primarySourceUrl": "https://www.fertilitylawcenter.com", "sourceAccessedAt": "2026-05-31", "sourceType": "agency-guidance", "signedAt": null, "effectiveAt": null, "hasLegalDateMetadata": false }, "sources": [ { "label": "Kathleen A. DeLisle, Esq", "url": "https://www.fertilitylawcenter.com" } ], "page": "https://patriotconceptions.com/surrogacy/laws-and-policies/pa/" }, { "stateCode": "RI", "stateName": "Rhode Island", "status": "friendly", "summary": "Rhode Island law permits Gestational Surrogacy under the amended Uniform Parentage Act, which took effect on January 1, 2021. The statue only applies if one intended parent is a resident of the United...", "legalStatus": "Has a statute.", "preBirthOrders": true, "compensatedSurrogacy": true, "residencyRequirement": true, "lastUpdated": "2025-10-08T00:00:00.000Z", "review": { "reviewedBy": "Patriot Conceptions Legal Review Team", "reviewedByTitle": "Legal content review team", "reviewedByUrl": "/about/review-team/", "reviewerAttribution": "organization" }, "governance": { "reviewerAttributionStatus": "organization", "reviewerLabel": "Organization-level review recorded; named legal reviewer pending", "sourceCitationStatus": "source-metadata-present", "sourceLabel": "Primary reference reviewed", "hasPrimarySourceUrl": true, "primarySourceUrl": "https://webserver.rilegislature.gov/Statutes/TITLE15/15-8.1/15-8.1-802.HTM", "sourceAccessedAt": "2026-05-31", "sourceType": "agency-guidance", "signedAt": null, "effectiveAt": "2021-01-01", "hasLegalDateMetadata": true }, "sources": [ { "label": "Rhode Island General Laws Section 15-8.1-802: gestational carrier agreement requirements", "url": "https://webserver.rilegislature.gov/Statutes/TITLE15/15-8.1/15-8.1-802.HTM" } ], "page": "https://patriotconceptions.com/surrogacy/laws-and-policies/ri/" }, { "stateCode": "SC", "stateName": "South Carolina", "status": "moderate", "summary": "Gestational Surrogacy is permitted in South Carolina because no statute or published case law prohibits it. To the contrary, there is published case law that suggests that surrogacy is valid.  Specifi...", "legalStatus": "No specific surrogacy legislation", "preBirthOrders": true, "compensatedSurrogacy": "varies", "residencyRequirement": false, "lastUpdated": "2025-10-08T00:00:00.000Z", "review": { "reviewedBy": "Patriot Conceptions Legal Review Team", "reviewedByTitle": "Legal content review team", "reviewedByUrl": "/about/review-team/", "reviewerAttribution": "organization" }, "governance": { "reviewerAttributionStatus": "organization", "reviewerLabel": "Organization-level review recorded; named legal reviewer pending", "sourceCitationStatus": "source-metadata-present", "sourceLabel": "Primary reference reviewed", "hasPrimarySourceUrl": true, "primarySourceUrl": "https://www.sccourts.org/opinions/HTMLFiles/COA/4841.htm", "sourceAccessedAt": "2026-05-31", "sourceType": "judicial", "signedAt": null, "effectiveAt": null, "hasLegalDateMetadata": false }, "sources": [ { "label": "South Carolina Court of Appeals: Mid-South Ins. Co. v. Doe parentage-related opinion", "url": "https://www.sccourts.org/opinions/HTMLFiles/COA/4841.htm" } ], "page": "https://patriotconceptions.com/surrogacy/laws-and-policies/sc/" }, { "stateCode": "SD", "stateName": "South Dakota", "status": "friendly", "summary": "Gestational Surrogacy is permitted in South Dakota because no statute or published case law prohibits it....", "legalStatus": "No specific surrogacy legislation", "preBirthOrders": true, "compensatedSurrogacy": "varies", "residencyRequirement": true, "lastUpdated": "2025-10-08T00:00:00.000Z", "review": { "reviewedBy": "Patriot Conceptions Legal Review Team", "reviewedByTitle": "Legal content review team", "reviewedByUrl": "/about/review-team/", "reviewerAttribution": "organization" }, "governance": { "reviewerAttributionStatus": "organization", "reviewerLabel": "Organization-level review recorded; named legal reviewer pending", "sourceCitationStatus": "source-metadata-present", "sourceLabel": "Primary reference reviewed", "hasPrimarySourceUrl": true, "primarySourceUrl": "https://sdlegislature.gov/Statutes/Codified_Laws/2075183", "sourceAccessedAt": "2026-05-31", "sourceType": "legislation", "signedAt": null, "effectiveAt": null, "hasLegalDateMetadata": false }, "sources": [ { "label": "South Dakota Codified Laws family law index consulted for state-law posture", "url": "https://sdlegislature.gov/Statutes/Codified_Laws/2075183" } ], "page": "https://patriotconceptions.com/surrogacy/laws-and-policies/sd/" }, { "stateCode": "TN", "stateName": "Tennessee", "status": "moderate", "summary": "Gestational Surrogacy contracts are neither allowed nor disallowed by Tenn. Code Ann. §36-1-102(50). Rather, this unique statute (which is in the definitional section of the adoption code) simply defi...", "legalStatus": "No specific surrogacy legislation", "preBirthOrders": "varies", "compensatedSurrogacy": "varies", "residencyRequirement": true, "lastUpdated": "2025-10-08T00:00:00.000Z", "review": { "reviewedBy": "Patriot Conceptions Legal Review Team", "reviewedByTitle": "Legal content review team", "reviewedByUrl": "/about/review-team/", "reviewerAttribution": "organization" }, "governance": { "reviewerAttributionStatus": "organization", "reviewerLabel": "Organization-level review recorded; named legal reviewer pending", "sourceCitationStatus": "source-metadata-present", "sourceLabel": "Primary reference reviewed", "hasPrimarySourceUrl": true, "primarySourceUrl": "https://www.capitol.tn.gov/Archives/Joint/publications/TCA/index.html", "sourceAccessedAt": "2026-05-31", "sourceType": "legislation", "signedAt": null, "effectiveAt": null, "hasLegalDateMetadata": false }, "sources": [ { "label": "Tennessee Code Section 36-1-102: surrogate birth definition", "url": "https://www.capitol.tn.gov/Archives/Joint/publications/TCA/index.html" } ], "page": "https://patriotconceptions.com/surrogacy/laws-and-policies/tn/" }, { "stateCode": "TX", "stateName": "Texas", "status": "moderate", "summary": "Gestational Surrogacy is permitted in Texas by Tex. Fam. Code§ 160-751 through § 160-763 which authorizes Gestational Surrogacy for married Intended Parents who follow the procedures specified in the ...", "legalStatus": "Gestational surrogacy permitted under Texas Family Code §§ 160.751-160.763 for qualifying gestational agreements.", "preBirthOrders": true, "compensatedSurrogacy": true, "residencyRequirement": true, "lastUpdated": "2025-10-08T00:00:00.000Z", "review": { "reviewedBy": "Patriot Conceptions Legal Review Team", "reviewedByTitle": "Legal content review team", "reviewedByUrl": "/about/review-team/", "reviewerAttribution": "organization" }, "governance": { "reviewerAttributionStatus": "organization", "reviewerLabel": "Organization-level review recorded; named legal reviewer pending", "sourceCitationStatus": "source-metadata-present", "sourceLabel": "Primary reference reviewed", "hasPrimarySourceUrl": true, "primarySourceUrl": "https://statutes.capitol.texas.gov/Docs/FA/htm/FA.160.htm#160.751", "sourceAccessedAt": "2026-05-31", "sourceType": "legislation", "signedAt": null, "effectiveAt": "2003-09-01", "hasLegalDateMetadata": true }, "sources": [ { "label": "Texas Constitution and Statutes: Family Code Chapter 160, Subchapter I", "url": "https://statutes.capitol.texas.gov/Docs/FA/htm/FA.160.htm#160.751" } ], "page": "https://patriotconceptions.com/surrogacy/laws-and-policies/tx/" }, { "stateCode": "UT", "stateName": "Utah", "status": "moderate", "summary": "Gestational Surrogacy is permitted by Utah Code Ann. § 78B-15-801 (2008), which permits Gestational Surrogacy for married Intended Parents. In 2020, § 788-803 was amended to clarify that same-sex marr...", "legalStatus": "No specific surrogacy legislation", "preBirthOrders": "varies", "compensatedSurrogacy": "varies", "residencyRequirement": true, "lastUpdated": "2025-10-08T00:00:00.000Z", "review": { "reviewedBy": "Patriot Conceptions Legal Review Team", "reviewedByTitle": "Legal content review team", "reviewedByUrl": "/about/review-team/", "reviewerAttribution": "organization" }, "governance": { "reviewerAttributionStatus": "organization", "reviewerLabel": "Organization-level review recorded; named legal reviewer pending", "sourceCitationStatus": "source-metadata-present", "sourceLabel": "Primary reference reviewed", "hasPrimarySourceUrl": true, "primarySourceUrl": "https://le.utah.gov/xcode/Title78B/Chapter15/78B-15-S801.html", "sourceAccessedAt": "2026-05-31", "sourceType": "legislation", "signedAt": null, "effectiveAt": null, "hasLegalDateMetadata": false }, "sources": [ { "label": "Utah Code Section 78B-15-801: gestational agreement authorized", "url": "https://le.utah.gov/xcode/Title78B/Chapter15/78B-15-S801.html" } ], "page": "https://patriotconceptions.com/surrogacy/laws-and-policies/ut/" }, { "stateCode": "VA", "stateName": "Virginia", "status": "moderate", "summary": "Gestational Surrogacy is permitted under Virginia’s Assisted Conception Statute, which is now entitled “Status of Children of Assisted Conception,” but only to Intended Parents who meet the enumerated...", "legalStatus": "No specific surrogacy legislation", "preBirthOrders": true, "compensatedSurrogacy": "varies", "residencyRequirement": false, "lastUpdated": "2025-10-08T00:00:00.000Z", "review": { "reviewedBy": "Patriot Conceptions Legal Review Team", "reviewedByTitle": "Legal content review team", "reviewedByUrl": "/about/review-team/", "reviewerAttribution": "organization" }, "governance": { "reviewerAttributionStatus": "organization", "reviewerLabel": "Organization-level review recorded; named legal reviewer pending", "sourceCitationStatus": "source-metadata-present", "sourceLabel": "Primary reference reviewed", "hasPrimarySourceUrl": true, "primarySourceUrl": "https://law.lis.virginia.gov/vacodefull/title20/chapter9/", "sourceAccessedAt": "2026-05-31", "sourceType": "legislation", "signedAt": null, "effectiveAt": null, "hasLegalDateMetadata": false }, "sources": [ { "label": "Virginia Code Title 20, Chapter 9: surrogacy contracts", "url": "https://law.lis.virginia.gov/vacodefull/title20/chapter9/" } ], "page": "https://patriotconceptions.com/surrogacy/laws-and-policies/va/" }, { "stateCode": "VT", "stateName": "Vermont", "status": "friendly", "summary": "Gestational Surrogacy is permitted in Vermont under the Vermont Parentage Act of 2018, effective July 1, 2018....", "legalStatus": "No specific surrogacy legislation", "preBirthOrders": true, "compensatedSurrogacy": true, "residencyRequirement": true, "lastUpdated": "2025-10-08T00:00:00.000Z", "review": { "reviewedBy": "Patriot Conceptions Legal Review Team", "reviewedByTitle": "Legal content review team", "reviewedByUrl": "/about/review-team/", "reviewerAttribution": "organization" }, "governance": { "reviewerAttributionStatus": "organization", "reviewerLabel": "Organization-level review recorded; named legal reviewer pending", "sourceCitationStatus": "source-metadata-present", "sourceLabel": "Primary reference reviewed", "hasPrimarySourceUrl": true, "primarySourceUrl": "https://www.fertilitylawcenter.com", "sourceAccessedAt": "2026-05-31", "sourceType": "agency-guidance", "signedAt": null, "effectiveAt": null, "hasLegalDateMetadata": false }, "sources": [ { "label": "Kathleen A. DeLisle, Esq", "url": "https://www.fertilitylawcenter.com" } ], "page": "https://patriotconceptions.com/surrogacy/laws-and-policies/vt/" }, { "stateCode": "WA", "stateName": "Washington", "status": "friendly", "summary": "New legislation in the state of Washington, which amends the Uniform Parentage Act and is effective January 1, 2019, provides for enforceable gestational carrier agreements and pre-birth orders under ...", "legalStatus": "No specific surrogacy legislation", "preBirthOrders": true, "compensatedSurrogacy": "varies", "residencyRequirement": false, "lastUpdated": "2025-10-08T00:00:00.000Z", "review": { "reviewedBy": "Patriot Conceptions Legal Review Team", "reviewedByTitle": "Legal content review team", "reviewedByUrl": "/about/review-team/", "reviewerAttribution": "organization" }, "governance": { "reviewerAttributionStatus": "organization", "reviewerLabel": "Organization-level review recorded; named legal reviewer pending", "sourceCitationStatus": "source-metadata-present", "sourceLabel": "Primary reference reviewed", "hasPrimarySourceUrl": true, "primarySourceUrl": "https://app.leg.wa.gov/RCW/default.aspx?cite=26.26A&full=true", "sourceAccessedAt": "2026-05-31", "sourceType": "legislation", "signedAt": null, "effectiveAt": "2019-01-01", "hasLegalDateMetadata": true }, "sources": [ { "label": "Revised Code of Washington Chapter 26.26A: Uniform Parentage Act", "url": "https://app.leg.wa.gov/RCW/default.aspx?cite=26.26A&full=true" } ], "page": "https://patriotconceptions.com/surrogacy/laws-and-policies/wa/" }, { "stateCode": "WI", "stateName": "Wisconsin", "status": "moderate", "summary": "Gestational Surrogacy is permitted in Wisconsin by the Wisconsin Supreme Court decision Paternity of F.T.R., Rosecky v. Schissel, 2013 WI 66, 349 Wis. 2d, 833 N.W.2d 634. The court concluded that surr...", "legalStatus": "No specific surrogacy legislation", "preBirthOrders": true, "compensatedSurrogacy": "varies", "residencyRequirement": true, "lastUpdated": "2025-10-08T00:00:00.000Z", "review": { "reviewedBy": "Patriot Conceptions Legal Review Team", "reviewedByTitle": "Legal content review team", "reviewedByUrl": "/about/review-team/", "reviewerAttribution": "organization" }, "governance": { "reviewerAttributionStatus": "organization", "reviewerLabel": "Organization-level review recorded; named legal reviewer pending", "sourceCitationStatus": "source-metadata-present", "sourceLabel": "Primary reference reviewed", "hasPrimarySourceUrl": true, "primarySourceUrl": "https://www.wicourts.gov/sc/opinion/DisplayDocument.pdf?content=pdf&seqNo=99550", "sourceAccessedAt": "2026-05-31", "sourceType": "judicial", "signedAt": null, "effectiveAt": null, "hasLegalDateMetadata": false }, "sources": [ { "label": "Wisconsin Supreme Court: Paternity of F.T.R. surrogacy agreement opinion", "url": "https://www.wicourts.gov/sc/opinion/DisplayDocument.pdf?content=pdf&seqNo=99550" } ], "page": "https://patriotconceptions.com/surrogacy/laws-and-policies/wi/" }, { "stateCode": "WV", "stateName": "West Virginia", "status": "moderate", "summary": "Gestational Surrogacy is permitted in West Virginia by W.VA Code §61-2-14h(e)(3), which permits “fees and expenses included in any agreement in which a woman agrees to become a surrogate mother.”...", "legalStatus": "No specific surrogacy legislation", "preBirthOrders": "varies", "compensatedSurrogacy": "varies", "residencyRequirement": true, "lastUpdated": "2025-10-08T00:00:00.000Z", "review": { "reviewedBy": "Patriot Conceptions Legal Review Team", "reviewedByTitle": "Legal content review team", "reviewedByUrl": "/about/review-team/", "reviewerAttribution": "organization" }, "governance": { "reviewerAttributionStatus": "organization", "reviewerLabel": "Organization-level review recorded; named legal reviewer pending", "sourceCitationStatus": "source-metadata-present", "sourceLabel": "Primary reference reviewed", "hasPrimarySourceUrl": true, "primarySourceUrl": "https://code.wvlegislature.gov/61-2-14H/", "sourceAccessedAt": "2026-05-31", "sourceType": "legislation", "signedAt": null, "effectiveAt": null, "hasLegalDateMetadata": false }, "sources": [ { "label": "West Virginia Code Section 61-2-14h: purchase or sale of child exception", "url": "https://code.wvlegislature.gov/61-2-14H/" } ], "page": "https://patriotconceptions.com/surrogacy/laws-and-policies/wv/" }, { "stateCode": "WY", "stateName": "Wyoming", "status": "moderate", "summary": "Surrogacy is allowed, but only when both Intended Parents have been residents of Wyoming at least one year prior to executing their Gestational Carrier agreement....", "legalStatus": "Surrogacy contracts are prohibited or unenforceable", "preBirthOrders": "varies", "compensatedSurrogacy": "varies", "residencyRequirement": false, "lastUpdated": "2025-10-08T00:00:00.000Z", "review": { "reviewedBy": "Patriot Conceptions Legal Review Team", "reviewedByTitle": "Legal content review team", "reviewedByUrl": "/about/review-team/", "reviewerAttribution": "organization" }, "governance": { "reviewerAttributionStatus": "organization", "reviewerLabel": "Organization-level review recorded; named legal reviewer pending", "sourceCitationStatus": "source-metadata-present", "sourceLabel": "Primary reference reviewed", "hasPrimarySourceUrl": true, "primarySourceUrl": "https://wyoleg.gov/statutes/compress/title14.pdf", "sourceAccessedAt": "2026-05-31", "sourceType": "legislation", "signedAt": null, "effectiveAt": null, "hasLegalDateMetadata": false }, "sources": [ { "label": "Wyoming Statutes Title 14 family law PDF consulted for state-law posture", "url": "https://wyoleg.gov/statutes/compress/title14.pdf" } ], "page": "https://patriotconceptions.com/surrogacy/laws-and-policies/wy/" } ] }